Wednesday, January 19, 2022

Justice and Merits of Islam in the Distribution of Inheritance

 




People in the time of Jaahiliyyah (pre-Islamic period of ignorance) used to assign the inheritance of the deceased to the eldest among his sons, excluding his young children, and women relatives like daughters, wives, mothers and sisters; or give it to his brother or paternal uncle, under the pretext that the children and women were too powerless to protect the sanctities that should be protected,

 take retaliation, gain booty (from wars) and fight the
enemies. However, Allah The Almighty invalidated this pre-Islamic custom, and assigned to women and children a share of the inheritance of the deceased, and made their share an obligatory right, no matter how little or much the inheritance might be, as shown in His statement (which means):

{For men is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, and for women is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, be it little or much -- an obligatory share
{Allah instructs you concerning your children: for the male, what is equal to the share of two females. But if there are [only] daughters, two or more, for them is two thirds of one's estate. 


And if there is only one, for her is half.
He Says about the inheritance of the mother (what means):
 {But if he had no children and the parents [alone] inherit from him, then for his mother is one third. And if he had brothers [or sisters], for his mother is a sixth.} [Quran 4:11]
About the share of the wife, He Says (what means):
 {And for the wives is one fourth if you leave no child. But if you leave a child, then for them is an eighth of what you leave.



Allah The Almighty accorded inheritance for women in the following way:
One daughter gets half the inheritance
Two or more daughters get two-thirds the inheritance
The mother gets one-third or one-sixth of the inheritance
 The wife gets one-fourth or one-eighth of the inheritance
The half-sister from the side of the mother gets one-sixth
The full sister or the half-sister from the side of the father gets half the inheritance, or half the share of her brother.
 

It must be borne in mind that all of this is accorded them as their right, when they received nothing in the pre-Islamic days of Jaahiliyyah.
Contrast this with the modern era of Jaahiliyyah, which is no better than the ancient Jaahiliyyah in many of its aspects, which gives room to deprive men, women and children of their rightful inheritance, and instead allows the owner of the inheritance to assign his property, which Allah The Almighty made a means of people's sustenance, to animals.
 

The system of inheritance set by Islam is distinguished from all modern human laws of inheritance in that Islam adopts a moderate attitude -- between Communist socialism on one extreme, and capitalism and other similar doctrines that call for complete freedom of a person to dispose of his wealth according to his own whims on the other extreme. Communist socialism, as outlined by Karl Marx, rejects the principle of inheritance, and regards it as an erroneous act that opposes the principles of justice. Thus, it gives nothing to 

the deceased's offspring or next of kin.
Capitalism and its corresponding economic systems, on the contrary, give the owner the full freedom to dispose of his property as he likes. He has the right to deprive all his kith and kin of his inheritance and bequeath it to a stranger, say, a friend or an employee. A man or a woman, in Western societies, even has the right to bequeath the whole or some of his/her 


property to a dog or a cat!
According to the Islamic system, inheritance is obligatory for both the owner of the property and the heir as well. The owner has no right to prevent any of his heirs from receiving his inheritance; and the heir gets his share, with no need for a court judgment. In some systems, the law affirms inheritance only with a court judgment, since in their sight, it is optional and not compulsory to bequeath and receive inheritance.
 

The Islamic system limits the right of inheritance within the sphere of the family. It requires a sound relationship through blood or marital relation, and since Walaa’ (allegiance of an ex-slave to his ex-masters) resembles kinship, it was joined with the categories of kinship. In this way, neither an adopted child, nor a child born out of wedlock has the right to inheritance. Within the limits of the family, the closest of kin, under Islam, is given preference, followed by the next of kin to the deceased.
 

However, in the other systems, the case is quite different. According to the Jews, for example, the heirs are the male sons, and the share of the eldest is equal to the share of two brothers, whether the child is legitimate or illegitimate. Moreover, the eldest son is not deprived of his share even if he is born from an illegitimate marriage.
According to the Western system, a stranger -- like a friend or an employee – is eligible to receive inheritance, and the same applies to the child born out of wedlock.
 

The Islamic system assigns to the young child a share from the inheritance of his father equal to that of his eldest brother. Thus, there is no differentiation between the fetus in the mother's womb and the eldest son in a big family. The Islamic system also does not differentiate between the eldest son and his brothers, as is the case in the corrupted Jewish canon, and the British law. That is because the young children might be in need of money to build their lives, and to meet their living expenses, more than their older brothers who can work and gather for themselves independent property.
 

The Islamic system also assigns a share of the inheritance to women. The mother, wife, daughter, son's daughter, sister, and other women relatives, have definite shares in the inheritance of the deceased, to ensure them an honorable life, free from the humiliation of destitution and mortification of poverty, unlike some systems that deprive the women of inheritance under all circumstances. Some laws previously deprived the wife of inheritance, and she was not given any share in it. In the past, the Jews did not give women any portion of the inheritance.
 

The Islamic system has made 'need' the basic criterion for preference in inheritance. The deceased person’s children need his money more than his father because they are likely to face greater difficulty in fulfilling their requirements, being young and at a stage where they are beginning their life, unlike their grandfather. Moreover, the duties and obligations of the 

son under the Sharee‘ah (legislation) of Islam are more than those of his sister. He is the one required to provide for himself once he reaches the age of maturity, and he is also required to pay his wife her dowry, provide for her and for the children. He is responsible for the expenses of education, medical treatment, clothing…etc. In addition to this, he is required to provide for his father or relatives if they are poor. However, the girl is more likely to have someone to provide for her, and  not the other way round, since she will get married 

and will be the responsibility of her husband.
These are some of the merits that distinguish the inheritance system in Islam from the old and contemporary laws that were legislated by human beings and that keep changing every now and then.

No comments:

Post a Comment

Global Visa Consultants

Office 210, 2nd Floor, Landmark Plaza
Jail Road,Lahore 54000 Pakistan.
T: +92 42 357 12 553
M: +92 311 176 2324
E: globalvisa30@gmail.com
URL: www.globalvisaconsultant.com
URL: www.globalevisaservices.com
E: globalvisaconsultant1@gmail.com

Recent Comments

Labels

100. Surah Al-Adiyat 101. Surah Al-Qari'ah 102. Surah At-Takathur 103. Surah Al-Asr 104. Surah Al-Humazah 105. Surah Al-Fil 106. Surah Quraish 107. Surah Al-Maun 108. Surah Al-Kauthar 110. Surah An-Nasr 111. Surah Al-Lahab 112. Surah Al-Ikhlas 113. Surah Al-Falaq 114. Surah An-Nas 4 Qul 4 Qul Tarjuma ke sath 55. Surah Ar-Rahman 56. Surah Al-Waqiah 57. Surah Al-Hadid 58. Surah Al-Mujadilah 59. Surah Al-Hashr 6 Facts About Dome of Masjid e Nabawi 6 Kalima 60. Surah Al-Mumtahanah 61. Surah As-Saff 62. Surah Al-Jumua 63. Surah Al-Munafiqoon 64. Surah At-Taghabun 65. Surah At-Talaq 66. Surah At-Tahrim 67. Surah Al-Mulk 68. Surah Al-Qalam 69. Surah Al-Haqqah 7 Hadiths About Imam Hasan and Imam Hussain (RA) 70. Surah Al-Ma'arij 71. Surah Nuh 72. Surah Al-Jinn 73. Surah Al-Muzzammil 74. Surah Al-Muddaththir 75. Surah Al-Qiyamah 76. Surah Al-Insan 77. Surah Al-Mursalaat 78. Surah An-Naba 79. Surah An-Naziat 80. Surah Abasa 81. Surah At-Takwir 82. Surah Al-Infitaar 84. Surah Al-Inshiqaq 86. Surah At-Tariq 87. Surah Al-Ala 88. Surah Al-Ghaashiyah 89. Surah Al-Fajr 90. Surah Al-Balad 92. Surah Al-Lail 93. Surah Ad-Duha 94. Surah Al-Inshirah 95. Surah At-Tin 96. Surah Al-Alaq 97. Surah Al-Qadr 98. Surah Al-Bayyinah 99. Surah Al-Zilzal A Muslim View on Respecting Life A Reminder For All The Worlds – Quran Actions that put a person beyond the pale of Islam Adhkaar on Friday Advice for New Muslims Ahad Nama Aisha Bint Abu Bakr (R.A) Al-Fatiha Al-Masjid an-Nabawi Ayatul Kursi Ayatul Kursi Benefits Belief in Angels Benefits And Power of Reciting 4 Qul of Quran Benefits of Ayatul Kursi Benefits of Darood e Akbar Benefits of Surah Al-Jumah Benefits of Surah Al-Kahf Benefits of Surah Al-Mulk Benefits of Surah Ar-Rahman Benefits of Surah Fajr Benefits of Surah Fath Benefits of Surah Jinn Benefits of Surah Muhammad Benefits of Surah Muzzamil Benefits of Surah Naba Benefits of Surah Nooh Benefits of Surah Qaf Benefits of Surah Sajdah Benefits of Surah Taghabun Benefits of Surah Tariq Benefits of Surah Ya-Seen Benefits of Surat Al-Falaq Benefits of Surat Al-Fatiha Benefits of Surat Al-Kafirun Benefits of Surat An-Nas Best Dua For Travelling – To Have Safe Journey Brief History and Biography of Muhammad Burial: What to do Causes of Inheritance Charon Qul Cure of Magic Cure with Manzil Daily Morning Azkar Dalail al-khayrat Dalail al-Khayrat Manzil 1 Dalail Al-Khayrat Manzil 2 Dalail Al-Khayrat Manzil 3 Dalail Al-Khayrat Manzil 4 Dalail Al-Khayrat Manzil 5 Dalail Al-Khayrat Manzil 6 Dalail Al-Khayrat Manzil 7 Dalail Al-Khayrat Manzil 8 Dalail al-khyrat Benefits Darood e Akbar Darood e Akbar Benefits Darood e Akbar in Islam Darood Mustaghas Death Difference Between Rasool and Nabi Dua e Hajat Benefits Dua e Manzil Dua for Laylatul Qadr That Every Muslim Should Recite Dua Syed-ul-istighfar Dua-e-Akasha Dua-e-Aman Dua-e-Hajat Dua-e-kanoot Duas Manzil Durood Kibrit Ahmar Durood-e-ibrahimi durood-e-taaj Durood-e-Tanjeena Elderly Care Eman Mufassil Eman Mujamal Embracing ISLAM Fasting in Islam Festival of The Sacrifice Fifth Kalma Istaghfar First Kalima Tayyab FLIGHT JANAZAH FOCUS ON YOUR CHARACTER Fourth Kalima Tauheed Funeral Rites and Regulations in Islam Grand Intercession of the Prophet MuHammad Halal vs Haram History History of Islam HOW TO CONVERT TO ISLAM AND BECOME A MUSLIM How to Perform Hajj Impediments of Inheritance Importance And Major Events Of Dhu al-Qidah Islamic Month Importance And Major Events Of Shawwal Islamic Month Introduction to Islam Introduction to Islam in Spanish Is it a punishment or a trial Is Life Insurance Haram or Halal In Islam? Janaza Prayer Justice and Merits of Islam in the Distribution of Inheritance Kalima La Mujer en el Islam Manzil Manzil Dua Manzil Dua Benefits Manzil Dua Cure Manzil Dua in Islam Manzil Dua Islam Maqbool Duain Maqbool Qurani Duain Masnoon Dua Masnoon Duain Masnoon Qurani Duain Most Powerful Darood e Akbar Mount Paran MUHAMMAD (PBUH) IN THE PARSI SCRIPTURES Never Shed Your Leaves Questions about Black Stone Qul Al-Falaq Qul Al-Ikhlas Qul Al-Kafirun Qul An-Nas Quotes And Life of Zainab Bint Ali (RA) Qurani Surah Benefits Qurani Waza Qurani Wazaif Qurani Wazaif Collection Qurani Wazaif Selection Ramadan 'Eed Al-Fitr READING FOR FRIDAY READING FOR MONDAY READING FOR SATURDAY READING FOR SUNDAY READING FOR THURSDAY READING FOR TUESDAY READING FOR WEDNESDAY Refutation of Allegations Raised about the Distribution of Inheritance in Islam regard to issues of shirk and kufr Ruling on one who apostatises repeatedly Salatul Hajat Science Proves Prophet Muhammad’s Sunnah Prevents Brain Damage in New Borns Second Kalma Shaadat Sixth Kalima Rud-A-Kuffer Story of the Prophet Musa (AS) Study of Quran Summary of Juz 1 Surah Al-Jumah Surah Al-Jumah Benefits Surah Al-Kahf Surah Al-Kahf Benefits Surah Al-Mulk Surah Al-Mulk Benefits Surah Fajr Surah Fajr Benefits Surah Fath Surah Fath Benefits Surah Jinn Surah Jinn Benefits Surah Muhammad Surah Muhammad Benefits Surah Muzzamil Surah Muzzamil Benefits Surah Naba Surah Naba Benefits Surah Nooh Surah Nooh Benefits Surah Qaf Surah Qaf Benefits Surah Sajdah Surah Taghabun Surah Taghabun Benefits Surah Tariq Surah Tariq Benefits Surah Yaseen tarjuma ke sath Surat Al Kahf Tasbih – How to recite Salatul Tasbih & its benifits The Big Questions: Who Made Us? The Finality of Prophethood The Full and Complete Isra and Miraj Story The Fundamentals of Islamic Belief The Importance of Distributing Inheritance The Life of this World is Fleeting Enjoyment The Miracle of Islamic Science The Miracles of Islam The Night Journey! The Prayer Of Need The Punishment of Being Sinful The Purpose of Creation The Purpose of Life: Reason and Revelation The Qur'an and Scientific Advancement THE SPIRIT OF RAMADAN The Wisdom Behind Prescribing Inheritance Third Kalma Tamjeed Universal Lessons of Hajj Virtues of Al-Fatihah Virtues of Fasting in the Summer Waldain Ke Huqooq - Maa Baap Ke Huqooq Wazaif Collection Wazaif e Ghawsia Wazaif of Week Wazaif Selection Welcome Aboard Fly Air Janazah What is Islamic studies? What One Must Know before Hajj – The Fiqh Provisions of a Pilgrim WHAT TO DO UPON A DEATH When Mecca Build Why are Christians donating towards The Qur'an Project? Why Did God Create? Women Zakat